Master At Cambridge University From 1959-1966, And The...

master at Cambridge University from 1959-1966, and was the president of the International Union of Physics from 1951 through to 1957. (Sir Nevill F. Mott - Biographical, 2015, para.1-3). In 1977, Mott received the Noble Prize for Physics, an honor which he shared with two other physicists. The prize was awarded for theoretical studies of the structure of the electron, regarding magnetic and disordered systems (Sir Neill F. Mott - Facts, 2015, para. 4). Ernest T. S. Walton was born October 6, 1931, in Ireland. His education included attending Methodist College and Trinity College, studying mathematics, experimental sciences, and physics. After obtaining a master’s degree in science, Walton went to the Cavendish Laboratory, were he†¦show more content†¦S. Walton - Facts, 2015, para. 4). In addition to incredible individuals who attended the Laboratory, there have been many crucial discoveries at the Cavendish Laboratory, including DNA, the electron, and the proton. Maur ice Wilkins was a chemist who determined that using x-ray crystallography would be useful in the process of studying DNA. James Watson attended a lecture by Wilkins on the subject, which also included ideas about the form of DNA, and Watson soon wanted to be involved. Francis Crick, who was working on his dissertation on the x-ray crystallography of hemoglobin, was approached by Watson, who desired Crick’s help in studying DNA. Watson and Crick made several models of DNA based on the information available at the time. However, it was not until they obtained x-rays taken by Rosalind Franklin that they realised DNA had a double helix shape. These x-rays were obtained without Franklin’s permission and were crucial to the discovery of the shape of DNA. Watson and Crick’s first article on their discoveries regarding the double helix shape appeared in an issue of the journal Nature, along with other articles on DNA by other scientists. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins recei ved the Noble Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their joint work in the process of determining the shape of DNA in 1962. There was no mention made of Franklin’s contributions in

Graduation Speech I Am A President And Vice President Of...

First, I would like to thank everyone who nominated me to be either President or Vice President of HCBA. I am Maya Hairston, a sophomore Conflict Analysis and Resolution Major, minoring in Business and Communications. This upcoming year will be my last full academic year here at Mason as I will graduating in December 2017. I am very committed to HCBA, so my hopes are that I would be selected as President. I will graciously accept the role you all think is best for me and that can maximize my strengths. I have been to every meeting and made countless contributions. Some of my contributions include sending out emails, planning events, representing HCBA publicly, and working closely with faculty to clarify the vision of HCBA. I remember when our Sunday Night meetings in Mertan Hall had a maximum five people present. I have watched this initiative grow alongside many of you and we have constructed a mission and vision we wish to see come true within the Honors College. I am qualified to be the president of this organization because I understand its purpose. I meet the GPA requirement with a 4.0 cumulative GPA. In addition, I am well acquainted with many of the faculty and staff of the Honors College including our potential advisor, Dr. Berger. On more than one occasion, I have represented Honors College Black Ambition on panels for incoming students as well as work directly with Dr. Hoefer on recruiting incoming students at events such as the Spring Preview and Celebration of

The Annotated Bibliography .

Question: Explain ,The Annotated Bibliography ? Answer : A systematic review of Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) summarised the effective interventions to enhance regular uptake of medications in patients with heart failure. Most of the included studies were done in the USA. Few studies from UK were also included. The abstracts and papers in English were searched through Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and EMBASE. There were no date restrictions with search up to December 2010.Findings showed that regular uptake of medications in patients with a history of heart failure could be improved by using range of interventions including telemonitoring programmes, behavioural interventions, simplification of drug regime and other multidisciplinary interventions. Although some of the included trials contravened these results also. Six studies used direct patient contact intervention and all of them showed significant effect on adherence. The author was unable to conclude any effective interventi on to enhance adherence to medications in patients with heart failure; which is also a limitation of the study. Another limitation is the inability to pool results of studies as they all used different interventions. Also the long-term effect of these interventions could not be assessed. Thus the study provides limited evidence regarding effective interventions to enhance regular uptake of medications in heart-failure patients. A systematic review of Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluated the effects of giving dietary advice to reduce cardiovascular risk. Fourty four trials were included in the study, out of which 29 were based on US populations. The search databases included Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, HTA database on the Cochrane Library, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), EMBASE (Ovid) (1980 to October 2010), MEDLINE (Ovid) (1950 to October 2010), CAB Health (1972 to December 1999), CVRCT registry (2000), CCT (2000), and SIGLE (1980 to 2000). The results indicated that dietary advice lowered total serum cholesterol by nearly 0.15 mmol/L, and LDL cholesterol by almost 0.16 mmol/L, after 3 to 24 months of follow-up. The author concluded that dietary advice could be effective in bringing positive changes in the diet and thus decreasing cardiovascular risk over a period of one year. The limitation of the study was that long-term effects of dietary advice i.e. after one year, could not be known. A systematic review and meta-analysis was done to assess the effects of exercise interventions on cardiac rehabilitation for heart failure. The following mentioned databases were used for search from January 2008 to January 2013: MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. The study included 33 trials with a study population of 4740 and most of them were based in USA. Results showed improvements in health, and declines in the risk of hospitalisation, in the exercise interventions groups as related with controls regardless of the type of exercise. But there was no noteworthy difference in the combined all-cause mortality between the two groups. Thus author established that exercise-based interpolations increase the health-related quality of life of heart patients. The constraint of the review was that in most of the trials patients were on medications and it was difficult to look for stand-alone effect of exercise -based interventions on heart-patients. The nursing-care is a holistic concept that goes beyond medical care. Thus here it becomes important to understand that, there are age- associated alterations in the body organizations; which have repercussions on quality of life and welfare (Hanson et al., 2016). The age-related deviations are unavoidable but the accompanying risk factors may have undesirable functional consequences and thus need intercessions (Hunter 2012). In the given case-study, Charlie is an elderly overweight man diagnosed with chronic heart failure. Thus along with adherence to medication; there is a need for right diet and exercise-based rehabilitation. The evidence has shown that after a heart failure, ability of patients to care themselves decline and also higher levels of depression sets-in which further affects their quality of life (Lee et. al., 2015). Thus intervention by a nurse or nursing care becomes critically important in such patients (Urden, Stacy, Lough, 2017). It becomes imperative to search the available evidence to priorities the nursing interventions. I chose the above mentioned three studies because the interventions studied in these three studies are most important to provide nursing care in the given case. The evidence has also shown that maintenance of appropriate diet and physical activity helps maintain good health in elderly and these healthy behaviours could be enhanced by telephone-delivered interventions along with frequent direct contact to patient (John, Hartmann-Boyce, Jebb, Aveyard, 2014). There was a need to look for interventions that can be included in the nursing care to help patient with his diet, exercise and medications. There is a relationship between adherence to medication in cardiac patients; and their long-term morbidity and mortality (Lambert-Kerzner, Del-Giacco, Fahdi, 2012). Thus I chose study by Molloy et al to look for interventions that could increase the adherence to medications in case of Charlie. Further the strength of the selected study was to summarise the results in an unbiased manner. I could infer from the study that, although there are many interventions suggested in literature to help patient adhere to medications; the best intervention could be direct contact with patient. Inability to maintain proper diet is a risk factor in old age; which may lead to metabolic abnormalities and lowered immunity and could further complicate the present conditions of Charlie (Jankovic, 2014; Clegg, Young, Iliffe, Rikkert, Rockwood, 2013). Thus I chose the study by Rees et. al. to know whether dietary advice could have a beneficial effect in this case. Further the strength of the systematic review was that the study results were pooled and statistically analysed which increased the validity of the review. I learned from the study that dietary advice help patient adhere to an appropriate diet and thus reduce cardiovascular risks. The studies have shown benefits of exercise in frail elderly, which improve their cognition and quality of life (Francis, et. al. 2013). Thus I selected study by Sagar et. al. to look for the effects of exercise on heart-failure patients. The strength of the systematic review was, that a meta-analysis of all selected studies was done, and that limitations of the study were also clearly stated. I learned from the study that exercise-based interventions reduce the risk of hospitalisation in a cardiac patient. Further I selected these three studies, as all of them are systematic reviews which have a special place in medical sciences for evidence generation (Gough, Oliver, Thomas, 2012). Systematic reviews help researchers maintain a high rigour in research (ibid). The references seleted in annotated bibliography add a lot to clinical practice to manage the condition presented in the case study. Charlie feels breathless, has visible peripheral oedema, tachycardia and a history of chronic heart failure as a result of ischaemic cardiomyopathy and hypertension. He must be on medications as suggested by Cardiologist and a General Physician. As a nurse it becomes important to go beyond clinical judgement, towards promoting overall health and well-being of Charlie. First of all, it is important that patient adhere to pharmacotherapy. As suggested in first annotation, direct contact with patient is important to remind him about his medication. As Charlie is also overweight, it becomes imperative to manage his weight and diet. There is a need to consult dietician for an effective dietary advice and as a nurse, the care also include management of dietary intake of Charlie. There is also a need that Charlie do a little physical exercise, after consulting his physiotherapist as well as cardiologist, and as a nurse the care should ensure exercise-based rehabilitation of Charlie. Recommendations Nurse has an opportunity to be with patients and keep a constant vigilance. Nurse develops a therapeutic relationship with the patients over a period of time. Thus a nurse must have the talent of clinical reasoning which is much more than plain clinical judgement (Levett- Jones et al, 2010). It is vital to add life to the ages of patients rather than only adding ages to their lifespan. The nursing plays a very important part in supporting wellness in patients. The healthcare provided by a nurse goes further than mere normalising physiological parameters. It extends to the surrounding atmosphere of the patients and how it touches the life of a person as a whole i.e. his physiological form, cognizance and inner-self (Hunter, 2012). Nursing interventions should result in wellness outcomes that help patients live functional lives. For example, in this particular case, whole medical team is there to regulate physiological parameters such as blood cholesterol and prevent an episode of hear t attack; but role of a nurse is a step ahead i.e. to control obesity in patient, to help him adhere to medications, to help him eat an appropriate diet, and help him do a little exercise, to lead a functional life. If a nurse is unable to ponder on these aspects of patient, it may result in cognitive failure on her part and thus worse clinical outcomes. Thus it is very important for a nurse to consider the patient as a whole including his physical, social and cultural environment; and everything that affects his day to day life. To conclude, nursing care should be a comprehensive care. References Clegg, A., Young, J., Iliffe S., Rikkert, M. O., Rockwood, K. (2013). Frailty in elderly people. The Lancet, 381(9868), 752-762. Francis, L., Thien, T. M. V., Kathleen, C., Gilles, D., Marie-Jeanne, K., Louis, B. (2013). Benefits of Physical Exercise Training on Cognition and Quality of Life in Frail Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 68 (3), 400-404. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbs069 Gough,D.,Oliver,S.,andThomas,J. (2012). Movingforward.In:D.Gough,S.Oliver,andJ. Thomas, eds. Introduction to systematic reviews. London: Sage. Hanson, M. A., Cooper, C., Aihie Sayer, A., Eendebak, R. J., Clough, G. F. and Beard, J. R. (2016). Developmental aspects of a life course approach to healthy ageing. J Physiol, 594, 21472160. doi:10.1113/JP270579 Hunter, S. (Ed). (2012). Millers nursing for wellness in older adults. Sydney: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. Jankovic, N., Geelen, A., Streppel, M. T., Groot, L. C., Orfanos, P., Van- den- Hooven, E. H., Pikhart, H., Boffetta, P., Trichopoulou, A., Bobak, M., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Kee, F., Franco, O. H., Park, Y., Hallmans, G., Tjnneland, A., May, A. M., Pajak, A., Malyutina, S., Kubinova, R., Amiano, P., Kampman, E., Feskens, E. J. (2014). Adherence to a Healthy Diet According to the World Health Organization Guidelines and All-Cause Mortality in Elderly Adults From Europe and the United States. Am J Epidemiol, 180 (10), 978-988. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwu229 John, D. J., Hartmann-Boyce, J., Jebb, S. A., Aveyard, P. (2014). Diet or Exercise Interventions vs Combined Behavioral Weight Management Programs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Direct Comparisons. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietics, 114(10), 1557-1568. Lambert-Kerzner, A., Del Giacco, E. J., Fahdi, I. E. (2012). Multifaceted Intervention to Improve Cardiac Medication Adherence and Secondary Prevention Measures (Medication) Study Investigators. Patient-centered adherence intervention after acute coronary syndrome hospitalization. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 5(4), 571-576. Lee, C, S., Mudd, J, O., Hiatt, S, O., Gelow, J, M., Chien, C., Riegel, B. (2015). Trajectories of heart failure self-care management and changes in quality of life. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs, 14(6), 486-94. doi: 10.1177/1474515114541730. Levett-Jones, T. (Ed.). (2013). Clinical reasoning: Learning to think like a nurse. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson. Molloy, G., O'Carroll, R., Witham, M., McMurdo, M., (2012). Interventions to enhance adherence to medications in patients with heart failure: a systematic review. Circulation Heart Failure, 5(1), 126-133. Rees, K., Dyakova, M.,Wilson, N., Ward, K., Thorogood, M., Brunner, E. (2013). Dietary advice for reducing cardiovascular risk. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD002128. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002128.pub5. Sagar, V., Davies, E., Briscoe, S., Coates, A., Dalal, H., Lough, F. Taylor, R. (2015). Exercise based rehabilitation for heart failure: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Heart, 2 : e000163. doi:10.1136/openhrt-2014- 000163. Urden, L. D., Stacy, K. M., Lough, M. E. (2017). Critical care nursing: diagnosis and management. Elsevier Health Sciences.

True Human Nature (Criticism Of Lord Of The Flies) Essays

True Human Nature (Criticism of Lord of the Flies) Reading Lord of the Flies, one gets quite an impression of Golding's view on human nature. Whether this view is right or wrong, true or not, is a point to be debated. This image Golding paints for the reader, that of humans being inherently bad, is a perspective not all people share. This opinion, in fact, is a point that many have disagreed with when reading his work. There are many instances throughout Lord of the Flies that state Golding's opinion suggesting an evil human nature. Each of these instances are the bricks holding together his fortress of ideas that are constantly under attack. Lord of the Flies is but an abstract tool of Golding's to construct the idea of human nature in the minds of his readers. Throughout the novel, it is stated that all humans are evil. It is said that this evil is inescapable and will turn everyone evil. At one point in the book, when the Lord of the Flies is representing all evil, this theory is stated as, ?The Lord of the Flies was expanding like a balloon? (Golding 130). Along with this idea is the religious symbolism that is used for ineffectively confronting the evil. At a point in the book, Golding has Simon, symbolic of Jesus Christ (a Christian deity), confront the Lord of the Flies. This is a pig's head on a stick that is imagined to talk and represent the evil in all humans. Simon tries to act and spread the knowledge of this evil to others but is killed. This is a direct reference to the death of Christ, alluding to the Holy Bible. At many points throughout Lord of the Flies, Golding writes for the characters to become gradually more and more evil. This attribute even reaches the symbols of goodness and order, such as Ralph. Once, when Ralph and Piggy go to the feast on Jack's beach, they begin to meld with the others and their evil ways. ?Piggy and Ralph, under the threat of the sky, found themselves eager to take a place in this demented but partly secure society? (Golding 138). This really only proves their common longing for a place with others, not any depth of evilness. Golding also has all of the characters eventually participate in the hunts, his representation of an evil ritual that humans perform. By having all of the characters practice this, he illustrates his belief of everyone being susceptible to turning evil. This fact is not necessarily true. Humans develop their own dedications to their own beliefs, morals, and ethics. Each person has the decision of acting how they wish. Many acts are considered ?bad? by the ruling body of government and are punishable. Other acts are considered ?good? and are rewarded. However, it must be seen that each individual decides for himself what is ?good? or ?bad? for him to do. Thus, most people act on what they consider good. This can seem unusual, for a serial killer may consider brutal murder a good act and helping a friend as an extremely evil action. One must see, that some people also act on what they consider bad. This may be as a rebellion of all that was forced on them by society. It might also be due to overwhelming circumstances as well. But, it is still apparent that each person has the choice of acting upon their own goodness or evil. Golding also makes it clear that the island that is the focus of the novel is merely a microcosm of the entire world. He develops his world as one having a destructive nuclear war. This is meant to demonstrate that everyone, no matter who or where, will turn evil. He paints the image of nuclear war as pure and vile evil. This is not entirely, or at all, true. A nuclear war could simply be a power struggle that has mass power behind it. It might also be the elimination of those who oppose what is considered ?good.? Anyway, the way Golding demonstrates and terms many things in Lord of the Flies creates a large and almost impenetrable illusion to support his claim of the evil human nature. No one thing can be all evil or entirely anti-good. Many things can be usually bad or mostly considered bad, but there is some good to be found in everyone. One should not be mistaken, though, that anything could be all good either. All people, actions, and things

The normal distribution Essays

The normal distribution Essays The normal distribution Essay The normal distribution Essay When many measures are taken of something (eg, scores in a test, peoples heights, pollution levels in rivers) the spread of the values will have a bell shape, called the normal distribution. A number of statistical tests use this characteristic distribution (or dispersion) of values to test whether two samples are the same or different. There are several basic terms that are commonly used with the normal distribution. Average (mean) A measure of the average score in a set of data. The mean is found by adding up all the scores and then dividing by the number of scores. Range The difference between the largest core and the and smallest score. Median If a set of scores are arranged from lowest to highest the median is the score in the middle, with half above and half below. Mode The value that occurs most often Standard deviation s A measure of the standard (average) deviation of the scores from the mean.The larger the standard deviation the larger the range of values/variation in the data 1. Subtract each score from the mean 2. Times each difference by itself (negs turn positive) 3. Add up all the squared differences 4. Divide the total by the number of scores minus 1 5. Take the square root Standard deviation The normal distribution at right shows the percentage of scores/observations that lie within one, two or three standard deviations either side of the mean. That is, 68%, 95% and 99.7%. The 95% value, which is used as the standard in tests of significance) lies between 1.96 standard deviations either side of the mean. Standard deviation of a sample is the squared difference between each score and the mean ? means the sum of all the squared differences (add them all up) n 1 means the number of scores minus 1 The table below shows how to calculate the average and the standard deviation of a set of seven example scores in the first column. The average is 39.93 and the standard deviation is 2.73. Sample scores Score average (average = 39.93) (Score average)2 41 1.07 1.14 43 3.07 9.42 37.5 -2.43 5.90 38.5 -1.43 2.04 44 4.07 16.56 38 -1.93 3.72 37.5 -2.43 5.90 Average = 39.93 44.71 Total up all the squared differences Range = Median = Mode = 6.5 38.5 37.5 Then calculate the square root to get the standard deviation Comparing two samples: using the t test The average, standard deviation and the number of scores in each sample are the three things needed to do a t test. A t test is used with two samples of data to test whether they are significantly different (ie, whether one is truly higher or lower than the other). The same sample of scores as used above is now compared with another sample of scores. Sample 1 scores Sample 2 scores 41 38 43 32 37.5 35.5 38.5 33 44 31.5 38 40.5 37.5 34 Average () 39.93 34.93 Standard deviation (s) 2.73 3.31 Number of scores (n) 7 7 1. Put the values into the equation and work it out carefully! 2. Note down the value of t found. In this case it is 3.08. 3. You will also need to know how many degrees of freedom to use with the critical values of t table. Degrees of freedom = (nsample1 + nsample2) 2 . In this example this equals 7 + 7 -2 = 12. 4. Find the value of t for that number of degrees of freedom using the table supplied (it is 2.179). Since the value calculated for your data is higher than it the difference is judged to be significant/real (at the 5% level). That is, the difference between the samples has less than a 5% chance of occurring by chance (being a fluke). It doesnt matter if the value of t is negative or positive: just use the positive value to work significance. Mathematics assignment (Due 12.00 pm Monday the 13th January 2003, and must be handed in to Jeanette Bray or Jean Worrell at the Help Desk in UH 255). I need to see how each question was worked out. I will not give marks for answers without calculations. I will be available for revision for the exam in GN101 10-12 and 2-4 on Fri 3rd. 1. The relationship between wombat weight and their production of methane gas is shown below. a) Draw a line of best fit through the data points and use it to derive the equation for the line (y = mx + c). b) Rearrange it to solve for x. That is x = .. c) Use the equation from part b to predict the weight of a wombat that produced 12.2 mg methane per hour. 2. Calculate the average, range, median and mode for the following set of data (a random set of your exam results from the last exam): 66.25, 15, 32.5, 26.25, 48.75, 48.75, 36.25, 35, 68.75, 72.5, 43.75, 40, 20, 48.75, 12.5, 41.25, 53.75, 50, 31.25, 95, 22.5, 33.75, 27.5, 55, 12.5, 45, 18.75, 42.5, 62.5, 85, 75 Degrees of freedom Value of t that must be exceeded (5% level) 1 12.706 2 4.303 3 3.182 4 2.776 5 2.571 6 2.447 7 2.365 8 2.306 9 2.262 10 2.228 11 2.201 12 2.179 13 2.160 14 2.145 15 2.131 16 2.120 17 2.110 18 2.101 19 2.093 20 2.086 22 2.074 24 2.064 26 2.056 28 2.048 30 2.042 40 2.021 60 2.000 120 1.980 3. The two sets of data given below are resting heart rates for a group of students and a group of professional athletes. Use the t test to find out if they are significantly different (using the table at right to test the value of t with the appropriate number of degrees of freedom). I need to see how the mean, standard deviation and t value were calculated. Professional Students athletes 57.1 61.7 47.6 47.0 58.0 55.5 74.8 62.6 66.4 41.8 51.9 60.8 64.2 50.2 49.6 44.2 67.2 45.4 62.6 39.3

EFL Lessons

Reading Comprehension Dialogues for ESL/EFL Lessons These reading comprehension/dialogues provide an opportunity for both reading and speaking practice. Each dialogue is also followed by a multiple choice quiz for comprehension practice. Each dialogue is listed under the appropriate level with a short introduction regarding target areas for speaking practice. Teachers can check out the ideas on how to use dialogues in class and print them out for use. Beginner - Lower Intermediate The City and the Country - Comparative form, as ... asInterview with a Famous Actor - Daily routines, present simpleWhats in Your Office? - Use of there is / there are, prepositions and office furniture vocabularyWhat Were You Doing? - Use of the past continuous in combination with the past simpleThe Oregon Weather Forecast - Use of the future with will for predictions, weather vocabularyA Business Presentation - This dialogue allows practice of the present perfectAn Interview - Allows practice of the superlative formIntroductions - Basic questions used when meeting someone for the first timeBasic Personal Information - Questions related to name, address, and marital statusThe Meeting - Schedules, future plans.A New Office - This, that, some and any with objects.Cooking - Daily routines and hobbies.Abilities and Skills - Using can, and able to, making suggestions.A Busy Day - Plans for the day, responsibilities with have to.Planning a Party - Future with will and going to Making Phone Calls Practice making phone calls with these dialogues that cover making doctors appointments, leaving messages, making dinner reservations, calling school about your child, and asking questions about your bills. Business English Deliveries and SuppliersTaking a MessagePlacing an OrderTomorrows MeetingBusiness Meetings English for Medical Purposes Dialogues Making an Appointment with the DentistMaking a Doctors AppointmentDental Check-up - Doctor and PatientDental Hygiene - Dental Hygienist and PatientDental ReceptionistTroubling Symptoms - Doctor and PatientJoint Pain - Doctor and PatientA Physical Examination - Doctor and PatientPain that Comes and Goes - Doctor and PatientA Prescription - Doctor and PatientHelping a Patient - Nurse and Patient Professional Dialogues Cleaning Staff - Vocabulary and requests dealing with cleaning rooms and taking care of guestsA Drink at the Bar - Vocabulary and situations related to serving customers at a barSpeaking to a Customer Service Representative - Disputing a bill over the telephone. Making Casual Conversation A Chat With a Neighbor  - Using the present perfect, present perfect continuous and past simple interchangeablyDirections  - Giving and asking for directions.Having a Hard Time Finding a Job - Speaking about finding a job, with a focus on reported speech

Engineered Wood Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Engineered Wood - Research Paper Example This increases the durability of the products. Composition of engineered wood The aspects of manufacturing of engineered wood that help differentiate between the products made from it and also cause differences in the performance characteristics of different products include the quality of veneer used in engineered wood, the species and density of the timber used in it, the arrangement and thickness of veneers, and the type of bond between veneers (Austral Plywoods, 2012). The softwoods and hardwoods that are used to make lumber are also useful for making the products of engineered wood. Engineered wood that is made of fibers or wood particles are also made from wood waste or sawmill scraps. The oriented strand board is made from trees that belong to the poplar family that is a non-structural yet common species. Similar engineered cellulosic products are made from a variety of lignin-containing materials that include but are not limited to rice straw, wheat straw, sugar cane residue, kenaf stalks, and hemp stalks. Products made from these materials contain vegetable fibers instead of actual wood. â€Å"The best engineered wood floors  are built having 3-12 multiple ply layers†¦that are cross layered, glued and pressed together† (Hosking, 2012). ... cts can be categorized into a variety of types that include plywood, glued laminated timber, oriented strand board, laminated veneer lumber, and cross laminated timber. They are discussed as follows: Plywood Plywood is a kind of structural panel made in wood that is often referred to as the original product of engineered wood. Plywood is made from the cross-laminated veneer sheets that are bonded with one another with moisture-resistant and durable adhesives under specific conditions of pressure and heat. The stiffness and strength of panel in both directions are enhanced by changing the direction of grain of the veneers layer by layer. Other panels of structural wood include structural composite panels and oriented strand board. Glued laminated timber Glued laminated timber is made up of numerous layers of dimensional timber that are bonded with one another with the help of adhesives that are resistant to moisture. These adhesives help create large structural members of great streng th which can be used in buildings as horizontal beams or vertical columns. Glued laminated timber provides extensive design flexibility when it is manufactured in the curved shape. Oriented strand board Oriented strand board is a structural panel made from rectangular strands of engineered wood which are first oriented longitudinally and then organized in layers that are tied together with adhesives that are cured with heat and are resistant to moisture. Individual layers of the oriented strand board are cross-oriented that helps them develop stiffness along with strength in the panel. Oriented strand board is manufactured in the form of large continuous mats. The quality of oriented strand board is consistent throughout and there are no gaps, voids, or laps in it. Laminated veneer lumber